CTBT交渉の経過と問題点 CTBT Negotiation and the Treaty's Problems

English Below

講師  竹内俊隆(大阪外国語大学助教授)

1. テーマ
「CTBT交渉の経過と問題点」

2. 日時
1998年5月29日(金)

3. 講演の概要
フォーラムでは、CTBT交渉経過における争点や主要国の主張内容、妥結に至るプロセスなどについて具体的な報告が行われた。

インドは前文に「時限付き核軍縮」を盛り込むよう提案したが、最終的には含まれなかった。また、条約の禁止対象を明示する第1条の「基本義務」では、どの範囲までを禁止するかで意見が分かれたが、最終的には「核爆発を伴う核実験」を禁止することで落ち着いた。中国は「平和的核爆発」を認めるよう強く主張していたが、第8条で将来、検討の可能性を盛り込む形で決着した。非同盟諸国はあらゆる核実験の禁止を求めたが、実験の定義のあいまいさ、コンピューター実験を禁止すると世界中の大学の実験室で査察が必要になる、などの問題点が露呈したという。

核保有国と敷居国(インド、パキスタン、イスラエル)を合わせたP8を含む44カ国の批准が発効要件とされたことで、CTBTの発効は事実上、不可能に近くなった。P8の核実験を止めさせなければ条約の意味はなく、かといってP8の全ての批准を前提とすれば、条約の早期発効は望めない。このジレンマの中で、実にさまざまな提案が出されては、決裂した。CTBT交渉は、各国の思惑の中での核をめぐる交渉の困難さを象徴していることがうかがえた。
(水本和実 広島平和研究所助教授)

HPI Research Forum on May 29, 1998

CTBT Negotiation and the Treaty's Problems

By Toshitaka Takeuchi, Associate Professor at Osaka University of Foreign Studies

1. Topic:
"CTBT Negotiation and the Treaty's Problems"

2. Date:
May 29, 1998 (Fri.)

3. Summary of the lecture:
In his lecture, Prof. Takeuchi, who participated in Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty negotiations in Geneva as a special assistant to Japanese representatives at the Conference on Disarmament, outlined important issues in negotiations and the standpoints of participating nations.

India, for example, wanted to include the abolition of nuclear weapons within a given time frame worked into the treaty. The parties were also divided on what should be included in Article I of the treaty, which specifies which activities are covered by the CTBT.

In a draft of the treaty, nuclear explosions of any type were banned. China, however, insisted that "peaceful" nuclear explosions be permitted. It agreed to review its stance on the issue in the future in accordance with Article XIII of the CTBT. Nonaligned nations called for a blanket ban on all forms of nuclear testing. However, others pointed out that a ban on subcritical testing would require inspections of university laboratories all over the world. Even if that were possible, there would still be difficulties agreeing on a working definition of the word "testing."

It has been almost impossible to enforce the provisions of the treaty because they require the ratification of the so-called P8 - the nuclear states, the threshold states of India, Pakistan and Israel - and 36 other countries. The treaty is meaningless if it cannot prevent nuclear testing by those countries. To remedy the situation, various proposals were made, but then withdrawn, symbolizing the complex nature of nuclear negotiations.
(By Kazumi Mizumoto, associate professor at HPI)